Teaching/Statistics/Lecture Notes
Statistics · Course 02

Lecture Notes

Probability, mathematical inference and experimental design.

Complete written notes for each session. Every set of notes opens with learning objectives and closes with a problem set, a computational lab and readings. Use Print / save as PDF on any lecture page for an offline copy.

Lec #Topic and objectivesLength
Part I · Probability and asymptotics
1Probability Models, Random Variables, and Expectation
Define probability spaces and random variables; derive expectations and moments; work with conditional distributions; distinguish independence from zero correlation; apply iterated expectations and the law of total variance.
9 min read
2Probability Distributions and Multivariate Models
Derive moments of standard distributions; transform random variables using Jacobians; obtain joint, marginal, and conditional distributions; interpret covariance matrices and multivariate normality.
8 min read
3Sampling Distributions and Asymptotic Theory
Distinguish sampling distributions from population distributions; apply LLN, CLT, Slutsky, continuous mapping, and delta methods; understand bootstrap approximation.
7 min read
Part II · Estimation and inference
4Point Estimation: Moments, Likelihood, and Optimality
Construct method-of-moments and maximum-likelihood estimators; derive score and information; distinguish unbiasedness, consistency, and efficiency; apply invariance and asymptotic theory.
7 min read
5Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Testing
Construct confidence intervals; formulate tests; derive size and power; interpret p-values; understand likelihood-ratio, Wald, and score tests; distinguish statistical and practical significance.
8 min read
6Bayesian Inference, Conjugacy, and Posterior Computation
Derive posterior distributions; work with conjugate models; distinguish credible and confidence intervals; derive posterior predictions; assess prior sensitivity and MCMC computation.
9 min read
Part III · Experimental design and ANOVA
7Experimental Design, Randomization, and Blocking
Define experimental units, treatments, outcomes, and estimands; explain randomization, blocking, replication, factorial and split-plot designs; connect assignment mechanisms to design-based inference.
8 min read
8ANOVA, Linear Contrasts, and Multiple Comparisons
Derive one-way ANOVA; partition sums of squares; formulate contrasts; distinguish fixed and random effects; understand multiplicity adjustments and diagnostics.
8 min read
Part IV · Statistical modeling
9Linear Regression and Generalized Linear Models
Derive the linear model; interpret conditional mean parameters; specify GLMs; interpret logistic and Poisson regression; assess overdispersion and diagnostics.
8 min read
10Nonparametric Inference, Rank Tests, and Resampling
Use empirical distributions and quantiles; derive rank procedures; state the hypotheses actually tested; conduct permutation tests and bootstrap inference.
7 min read
11Statistical Power, Sample Size, and Equivalence
Define power and minimum detectable effects; calculate sample sizes; account for clustering and attrition; distinguish non-significance from evidence of equivalence.
8 min read
12Linear Mixed Models and Hierarchical Data
Specify random-intercept and random-slope models; distinguish within- and between-group effects; derive covariance structures and ICC; understand partial pooling and likelihood-based estimation.
9 min read
13Multivariate Analysis: PCA, Covariance, and Dimension Reduction
Analyze covariance matrices; derive principal components; interpret eigenvalues and loadings; distinguish PCA from factor analysis; understand scaling and validation.
8 min read
Part V · Statistical workflow
14Statistical Modeling Workflow, Simulation, and Reproducibility
Specify estimands and statistical models; design simulation studies; evaluate estimator performance; document computational decisions; report uncertainty and create reproducible archives.
8 min read